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REFLOW Operating System","\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C/p>","\u003Cp>The Reflow Operating System (OS) is an open-source operating system, which with its combination of components allows organisational flows to be facilitated within an organisation and beyond. It is based on Distributed ledger technology where the ownership and access of data are distributed and potentially anonymised. Reflow OS is thereby \"an operating system for communities who want to create federated and secure economic networks to foster the creation and coordination of distributed value chains\". The OS provides the backbone for the development of web-based and phone applications and allows for e.g., features like matchmaking and Track & Trace of materials to facilitate circular business models such as sharing platforms. \u003C/p>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C/p>\u003Cp>The components of Reflow OS allow for the following features:  \u003C/p>\u003Cp> \u003C/p>\u003Cp>Cryptographically Verification of information: In a multi-partner situation, Reflow OS can cryptographically certify actions along the value chain, allowing separate actors or companies to trust that the correct information has been provided by the other parties. \u003C/p>\u003Cp>Selective Sharing System: Allows for actors to participate and manage information in terms of common information flows. You can share information, but you do not have to share all your information, which is difference from Blockchain. \u003C/p>\u003Cp> \u003C/p>\u003Cp>Because of these key features of Reflow OS, users can set up the following systems:  \u003C/p>\u003Cp> \u003C/p>\u003Cp>Track & Trace: Materials can be tracked between actors in the value chain. \u003C/p>\u003Cp>Material Passport: The journey and identity of the materials can be certified. \u003C/p>\u003Cp>Matchmaking: Materials and actors can be matched automatically.  \u003C/p>\u003Cp>Verified signatures: Actors can sign transactions at every step, and thereby certify that they or the product/material complies to external legal and environmental requirements.  \u003C/p>\u003Cp>Privacy: Despite this detailed tracking and identification, users retain privacy due to the distributed identification coming from the Distributed Ledger Technology, and data can flow between different actors in a secure way, allowing inter-organisational relations and collaboration. \u003C/p>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C/p>\u003Cp>The Reflow Operating System is relevant for the implementation of circular economy for two main reasons: The growth of digital platforms, and the potential in distributed ledger technology for granular track & trace and matchmaking. The growing phenomenon of digital platforms has led to the creation of new modes of organising a considerable range of human activities and materials. Digital platforms have contributed to the transformation of multiple industries, including transportation (e.g. Uber), hospitality (e.g. Airbnb, CouchSourcing), and food (e.g. Too Good To Go) (Asadullah and Kankanhalli, 2018). This digitalisation of society produces a large amount of data on a range of aspects, such as the flows of humans and materials. Following this shift becomes increasingly important for municipalities aiming for sustainability goals, emission reduction, citizen awareness and energy efficiency.\u003C/p>\u003Cp> \u003C/p>\u003Cp>In the context of circular economy, this data can be used to improve collaboration and connection between actors up and down the value chain and between sectors. Access to such detailed and secure information on supply, quality, and availability of resources is expected to ease the transition to circularity, as it reduces information asymmetries, improves information standards and market transparency. Such an infrastructure of information sharing and platforms for collaboration can thereby facilitate transactions enabling reuse, remanufacturing, recycling, and waste management (Hellemans et al. 2021). In this regard, distributed ledger technologies are considered to provide such infrastructure to stakeholder such as local authorities or municipalitites (Böckel et al., 2021), and can further contribute to increased traceability and transparency of supply chains, improved communication with supply chain actors and customers, as well as improved security, privacy, and trust (Böckel et al. 2021).\u003C/p>",[174,177,179],{"name":175,"type":176,"value":175},"https://www.rethinkglobal.info/reycled-ocean-plastics-jo-godden-rubymoon/","link",{"name":178,"type":176,"value":178},"https://www.rethinkglobal.info/episode-69-jo-godden-of-rubymoon-circular-fibres-for-activewear/",{"name":180,"type":176,"value":180},"https://rubymoon.org.uk","published",false,{"id":101,"type":184,"cta":16,"cta_link":16,"created_at":185,"updated_at":186,"owner_id":83,"owner_relationship":145,"views":187,"owner":188,"image":189,"contributors":193,"article_locations":196,"article_industries":203,"view_count":187,"like_count":133,"collection_count":166,"content":204,"can_edit":182},"business_case","2022-02-16T11:15:18.181Z","2026-06-14T04:48:10.172Z",12,{"id":83,"type":84,"owner_id":83,"about":16,"job_title":16,"url":16,"linkedin":16,"email":16,"staff_of_id":16,"organisation_id":16,"organisation":16},{"id":190,"link":191,"alt":16,"source":16,"created_at":185,"updated_at":192,"article_id":101,"image_profile_id":16,"banner_profile_id":16},"FReCBcw7yRE=","https://kh-assets.prod.circularity-gap.world/main-image/1778093899731-0K4vwecg.jpeg","2024-01-23T14:10:49.649Z",[194,195],{"contributor_id":83},{"contributor_id":155},[197],{"article_id":101,"location_id":198,"created_at":159,"updated_at":16,"location":199},"681290",{"id":198,"type":161,"name":200,"color":16,"parent_location_id":201,"created_at":202,"updated_at":16},"Cluj-Napoca","ROU","2026-02-27T07:55:14.722Z",[],{"id":205,"score":133,"body":206,"status":181,"article_id":101,"created_at":185,"updated_at":192,"published_at":185},"GKuo",{"title":207,"outcome":208,"problem":209,"summary":210,"solution":211,"attachment":212},"Cluj-Napoca - an immediate shift towards resource efficiency","\u003Cp>The installation of the Retrofit kit demonstrated the potential of immediate improvement of energy efficiency of municipal buildings and thereby provides a concrete course of action to local authorities, bypassing the need for costly renovations. In terms of data collection, Cluj-Napoca highlighted the importance of accurate and accessible energy data provided by energy suppliers to the municipality. Improving the process of collaboration as well as the adjustment of the operating systems of both parties to utilize energy data favours energy efficiency and a decrease in carbon emission of the city. \u003C/p>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C/p>\u003Cp>REFLOW was an EU Horizon 2020 innovation action project running from 2019 to 2022, with the aim to increase circularity in European cities. Through REFLOW, the 28 project partners developed a range of solutions to make the material flows more circular within the six pilot cities of Amsterdam, Berlin, Milan, Cluj-Napoca, Paris, and Vejle. The cities' social, environmental, and economic impact was assessed, and a range of solutions enabling the circular transition were developed through active citizen involvement. The project combined the expertise of the project partners spanning municipalities, scientific and research institutions, technology providers, design and grassroot organisations, and small- and medium-sized enterprises.\u003C/p>","\u003Cp>For the last couple of decades, Cluj-Napoca has been a pioneering city in Romania when it comes to sustainable growth. Since national legislation regarding energy is out of reach for Romanian local authorities, the city leverages the Integrated National Energy and Climate Plan for 2030, which, among others, sets energy-related strategic objectives aiming to reduce CO2 emission by 40% by 2030. Not being able to impact the national energy production and consumption to include more renewable energy sources, the Cluj-Napoca pilot team decided to target energy efficiency. This proved to be an impactful focus, as many buildings in Romania are older and of a comparatively lower standard than buildings in other European countries, leading to inefficient energy consumption. The necessary renovations, for instance installing new windows and improving the insulation, are however costly.\u003C/p>","\u003Cp>As sustainability has become a major concern locally and nationally, Cluj-Napoca’s municipality, Romania, with its participation in the REFLOW project sought to push forward its energy efficiency. This was done through the creation of a Retrofit kit, which increases energy efficiency across public buildings. The kit consists of several technical components that address different aspects of a building and reduces the building's energy consumption by an estimated minimum of 15%. \u003C/p>","\u003Cp>The Retrofit kit was developed with close engagement of a local tech-startup, actively contributing to the hardware and software of the tool. The tool functions as a combinatory package of smart sockets, electric panels, motion sensors, lighting fixtures, and a smart metering system, adaptable to the technical standards of the building where it is installed. During REFLOW, the kit was tested in the dormitory of a high school in Cluj-Napoca. Here, 145LED lightening fixtures and 40 motion sensors were installed to replace the old lighting fixtures, increasing not only the quality of light but also energy efficiency by turning the lights out when none of the students are around. Further, one general panel and five smaller electrical panels were installed. These panels increased the stability of the electrical system and were a necessary update of the existing one from the 1970s. Moreover, the dormitory was equipped with 16 smart sockets, used to manage consumption for frequently used electronic devices such as office computers, servers, refrigerators, washers, or driers. These sockets are connected through a proprietary app that gives the administrator control over the electricity that is consumed via these sockets. Nine gateways were installed to gather data from the smart sockets and other data transfers between different parts of the Retrofit kit. Ultimately, the smart metering system, which consists of digital electricity meters, each with a wireless communicator, sends consumption data to a centralised system that processes the collected data and stores it. The preliminary result of the Retrofit kit is a 15% energy saving and cuts the costs of energy by 40.000 Euros. The alternative for achieving a similar effect would be a significantly more invasive refurbishment of the building, including changing windows, changing the outside thermo-insulation, changing the roof, replacing the heating systems, etc., costing approximately 500.000 to 750.000 Euros.\u003C/p>",[213],{"name":214,"type":176,"value":214},"https://reflowproject.eu/",{"id":95,"type":184,"cta":16,"cta_link":16,"created_at":216,"updated_at":217,"owner_id":83,"owner_relationship":145,"views":218,"owner":219,"image":220,"contributors":224,"article_locations":227,"article_industries":233,"view_count":218,"like_count":133,"collection_count":166,"content":245,"can_edit":182},"2022-02-16T12:17:11.018Z","2026-06-13T08:30:06.826Z",7,{"id":83,"type":84,"owner_id":83,"about":16,"job_title":16,"url":16,"linkedin":16,"email":16,"staff_of_id":16,"organisation_id":16,"organisation":16},{"id":221,"link":222,"alt":16,"source":16,"created_at":216,"updated_at":223,"article_id":95,"image_profile_id":16,"banner_profile_id":16},"_SmIxBQXzrY=","https://kh-assets.prod.circularity-gap.world/main-image/1778090046664-TRWdPVAC.jpeg","2023-04-14T16:46:05.702Z",[225,226],{"contributor_id":83},{"contributor_id":155},[228],{"article_id":95,"location_id":229,"created_at":91,"updated_at":16,"location":230},"3173435",{"id":229,"type":161,"name":231,"color":16,"parent_location_id":232,"created_at":164,"updated_at":16},"Milan","ITA",[234,240],{"article_id":95,"industry_id":235,"created_at":91,"updated_at":16,"industry":236},"agriculture",{"id":235,"name":237,"description":238,"sector":239},"Agriculture","Producing and gathering crop and animal products from land and water through farming, hunting, and fishing","agri_food",{"article_id":95,"industry_id":241,"created_at":91,"updated_at":16,"industry":242},"food_and_beverage",{"id":241,"name":243,"description":244,"sector":239},"Food and Beverage","Processing and producing food and beverages for consumption",{"id":246,"score":133,"body":247,"status":181,"article_id":95,"created_at":216,"updated_at":223,"published_at":216},"WWgx",{"title":248,"outcome":249,"problem":250,"summary":251,"solution":252,"attachment":253},"Milan – digitalisation as an enabler of circular food markets in an urban context","\u003Cp>The implementation of the Food market 4.0 demonstrates the benefits of the optimization of food flows in a municipal setting. The local actors and authorities are benefiting from accurate data collection and fostering a reduction in food waste and overconsumption, ultimately contributing to a decrease in food production. Milan’s municipal markets have consequently become more efficient and adapted to the modern consumerism and desire of sustainable cities, contributing to Milan's goal of 40% CO2 emission reduction by 2030.\u003C/p>","\u003Cp>Milan municipality owns 23 covered markets that relate to a large general wholesale food market. These widespread neighbourhood food markets function as places for social interaction, product-distribution and urban culture. In order to move towards a more balanced interplay between agri-food production, markets, and the modern urban environment, Milan emphasises open innovation and circular transition in its municipal food markets. Through several co-creation workshops with a range of stakeholders, local authorities identified a range of challenges regarding waste management, surpluses redistribution and the potential of upcycled food; e.g. the lack of tracking of fruit and vegetables, the waste creation from single use transportation boxes and food waste as such.\u003C/p>","\u003Cp>During its participation at the REFLOW project, Milan focused on specific food flows to test new food prototypes, support existing projects that transform food waste into new products, and enable initiatives that focus on reducing food waste at the wholesale and market stage.  \u003C/p>","\u003Cp>Milan implemented a set of hardware and software solutions, which enable the market managers to track fruits and vegetable flows between wholesalers, market vendors, customers, and local organisations. The initiative also provides markets with reusable and trackable trays, which are scanned and weighted throughout the chain, and portray the flows of fruits and vegetables. By this, the market designs out single-use packaging and reduces waste production. A digitized dashboard, portraying the food flow, opens management opportunities for the market operator and single vendors to adjust the supply and demand of goods running through the markets. On top, the food can be redistributed to local charities. Food Market 4.0 is a number of combined actions, enabling sustainable market management, resulting in a circular flow of reusable packaging material, reduction of food waste and efficient redistribution of daily surplus food. \u003C/p>",[254],{"name":214,"type":176,"value":214},{"id":97,"type":184,"cta":16,"cta_link":16,"created_at":256,"updated_at":257,"owner_id":83,"owner_relationship":145,"views":146,"owner":258,"image":259,"contributors":263,"article_locations":266,"article_industries":272,"view_count":146,"like_count":133,"collection_count":166,"content":296,"can_edit":182},"2022-02-16T09:39:57.587Z","2026-06-14T02:24:08.791Z",{"id":83,"type":84,"owner_id":83,"about":16,"job_title":16,"url":16,"linkedin":16,"email":16,"staff_of_id":16,"organisation_id":16,"organisation":16},{"id":260,"link":261,"alt":16,"source":16,"created_at":256,"updated_at":262,"article_id":97,"image_profile_id":16,"banner_profile_id":16},"Jne0oxIb0Bs=","https://kh-assets.prod.circularity-gap.world/main-image/1778093898572-epDGmPp-.jpeg","2023-04-14T08:58:24.660Z",[264,265],{"contributor_id":83},{"contributor_id":155},[267],{"article_id":97,"location_id":268,"created_at":159,"updated_at":16,"location":269},"2950159",{"id":268,"type":161,"name":270,"color":16,"parent_location_id":271,"created_at":164,"updated_at":16},"Berlin","DEU",[273,279,285,291],{"article_id":97,"industry_id":274,"created_at":159,"updated_at":16,"industry":275},"waste_management",{"id":274,"name":276,"description":277,"sector":278},"Waste Management","Collecting waste from households and businesses by means of refuse bins, wheeled bins, containers, etc., and providing treatment, incineration, materials recovery and reclamation, and disposal of hazardous and non-hazardous waste","societal_services",{"article_id":97,"industry_id":280,"created_at":159,"updated_at":16,"industry":281},"construction_materials_and_products",{"id":280,"name":282,"description":283,"sector":284},"Construction Materials and Products","Producing building materials and finished and semi-finished building products for construction","construction_and_infrastructure",{"article_id":97,"industry_id":286,"created_at":159,"updated_at":16,"industry":287},"software_and_communications",{"id":286,"name":288,"description":289,"sector":290},"Software and Communications","Operating networks and software that enable the exchange and broadcasting of information, such as entertainment and internet software, television, cable, satellite or radio broadcasting systems, and cellular, wireless and/or fixed-line telecommunications services","professional_services",{"article_id":97,"industry_id":292,"created_at":159,"updated_at":16,"industry":293},"water_and_sewage",{"id":292,"name":294,"description":295,"sector":278},"Water and Sewage","Providing water and sewage services, including water collection and distribution, water treatment systems and sewage treatment facilities",{"id":297,"score":133,"body":298,"status":181,"article_id":97,"created_at":256,"updated_at":262,"published_at":256},"OS20",{"title":299,"outcome":300,"problem":301,"summary":302,"solution":303,"attachment":304},"Berlin - Revealing an untapped resource","\u003Cp>The development of the wastewater heat radar demonstrates the need for deep, data-driven insights into the potential of wastewater heat as an urban resource. Thereby data security concerning critical infrastructure is important. During the project, several approaches to data anonymization had been developed and will be further tested. The radar can function as a tool to drive the circular transition and industrial symbiosis, functioning as a role model for other European players.\u003C/p>","\u003Cp>Especially metropolitan areas, but also smaller cities are focusing on sustainable growth and resource recovery. Within this process, the potential of wastewater heat is widely neglected. Especially highly populated cities such as Berlin can benefit from capturing the heat from the wastewater in the sewer system and using it as a circular source for heating properties in the neighbourhood. \u003C/p>","\u003Cp>The technology enabling the capturing of the energy potential of wastewater heat is no innovation. Nonetheless, this energy source is mostly overlooked in European cities, as portraying and making this potential is no urban standard yet. During its participation in the REFLOW project, Berlin developed a web application that allows urban planners, real estate developers, and architects to identify the locations with the greatest potential for capturing heat from wastewater. \u003C/p>","\u003Cp>Contributing to Berlin’s aim of reducing 70% of its Co2 emission by 2030, the Berliner Wasserbetriebe (BWB), as the largest water supply and wastewater drainage company in Germany, developed in collaboration with further partners, a web application. The app allows users to obtain and manage data relevant for matching the supply and demand of wastewater heat (WWH). The wastewater heat radar is especially interesting for cities, real estate developers, and industrial companies in need of production of wastewater heat. The solution focuses on the increasing interest among European cities to reduce their energy consumption and to implement more sustainable and circular energy sources, which waste water heat is counted as. As data acquisition and visualisation is the first step to achieve this transition and very few cities have developed such maps, simply offering this work to municipalities is in demand. The agency can also offer an integrated solution to realise the city’s WWH potential in line with its carbon and sustainability targets. In addition to developing the map, this would include setting up a team of technical partners, identify potential demand and accompany these in the full process to capture WWH. City planners together with climate and energy departments will be the specific customers of such a solution. \u003C/p>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C/p>\u003Cp>The key functions of the application allow the user to either search for a specific address or apply a filter on the estimated heat usage of a property. Through both options, the app checks for a potential match between supply and demand. The user can then see how much potential heat capacity is available at the particular location. The app portrays the overall wastewater heat potential of the building as well as the estimated heat demand of the property and shows how much of this demand could be covered by the wastewater heat potential. Users can show their interest in the building and the more users show their interest in one building, the more likely it is that a heat pump is installed, to facilitate the wastewater heat recovery. The wastewater heat radar functions as a tool to enable heating district networks. \u003C/p>",[305],{"name":214,"type":176,"value":214},{"id":119,"type":184,"cta":16,"cta_link":16,"created_at":307,"updated_at":308,"owner_id":83,"owner_relationship":145,"views":309,"owner":310,"image":311,"contributors":315,"article_locations":318,"article_industries":324,"view_count":309,"like_count":133,"collection_count":133,"content":327,"can_edit":182},"2022-02-16T12:53:23.025Z","2026-06-15T10:04:12.894Z",10,{"id":83,"type":84,"owner_id":83,"about":16,"job_title":16,"url":16,"linkedin":16,"email":16,"staff_of_id":16,"organisation_id":16,"organisation":16},{"id":312,"link":313,"alt":16,"source":16,"created_at":307,"updated_at":314,"article_id":119,"image_profile_id":16,"banner_profile_id":16},"azQpJ1lJEWY=","https://kh-assets.prod.circularity-gap.world/main-image/1778156956471-C0xxJ8tt.jpeg","2023-03-23T14:53:13.313Z",[316,317],{"contributor_id":83},{"contributor_id":155},[319],{"article_id":119,"location_id":320,"created_at":321,"updated_at":16,"location":322},"2610613","2026-05-07T12:28:21.627Z",{"id":320,"type":161,"name":323,"color":16,"parent_location_id":163,"created_at":164,"updated_at":16},"Vejle",[325],{"article_id":119,"industry_id":241,"created_at":321,"updated_at":16,"industry":326},{"id":241,"name":243,"description":244,"sector":239},{"id":328,"score":133,"body":329,"status":181,"article_id":119,"created_at":307,"updated_at":314,"published_at":307},"lQ57",{"title":330,"outcome":331,"problem":332,"summary":333,"solution":334,"attachment":335},"Vejle - a value chain mapping game","\u003Cp>Obtaining new and exclusive transparency in the value chain and the transactions with their stakeholders will enable various retailers to identify and create loops for plastic packaging. The Value Chain Mapping Game can be applied to various material streams and different supply chains, contributing to a circular material flow.\u003C/p>","\u003Cp>Most of the plastic waste within retail is ending up in landfills instead of being reused or recycled. Operating with plastic, a value loss for retailers, society, and the planet is the current standard. The municipality of Vejle aims to move towards an industry in which the value chains of plastic do not end at landfills or incinerators, but in circular loops creating value in themselves, contributing to their goal of 70% CO2 emission reduction by 2030.  \u003C/p>","\u003Cp>Within the project of REFLOW, the city of Vejle, Denmark, co-developed the Value chain game. The game consists of physical and online tools. The tools aim to assist a company with initiating and simplifying the process of reusing and recycling plastic waste, which is done by identifying possible circular loops for products as well as engaging relevant stakeholders within the value chain. \u003C/p>","\u003Cp>The municipality of Vejle developed, in collaboration with the Danish Design Center, a game to foster positive transformation through tangible value creation based on a short-term, manageable and focused effort. Through the collaboration with the retail chain Rema 1000, the Vejle pilot identified a need for a practical way to explore and understand the business’ value chain. Contributing to the aim of the retailer, to reduce the plastics sent to incineration by 25%. At the test site, Rema 1000 identified and created circular loops for candy boxes and plans to implement further loops for flower bins and other items. This will mean that several hundred tons of plastic every year will be recycled instead of incinerated.  Working together on identifying the actual steps in the chain allowed for more concrete solutions to be found at the test site. Parallel, the work with the Reflow operating system introduced Vejles municipal team to the methodology of “value flows”, which functions as a structured way of classifying different aspects of the value chain in order to digitalize the chain. Working specifically with the plastic material flow, the team realized that no such tools existed in the market, and therefore developed the “Value Chain Mapping Game”.  \u003C/p>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C/p>\u003Cp>The Value Chain Mapping Game solution is a physical and online tool that helps identify and outline of the whole value chain of plastic in retail, using gamification. The user is the retailer, who will understand the whole flow of the product mapped through answering questions such as: Who are your suppliers? Who do you need to get in contact with? What happens to the material when it is used or thrown away? What kind of new loops are possible for the material? The aim is to educate the users about the value chain of plastic and increase the circularity of plastic streams, and thereby facilitate the reduction of plastic use and increase the rate of reusing or recycling.  Based on the research conducted by the municipality participating in the REFLOW process, retailers using the game can identify their necessary actions in order to make their plastic flow more circular. The mapping game is a portfolio extension of \u003Cem>Spraengfarlig!\u003C/em> , a small consulting company founded in 2006, which mainly works on projects related to innovative technology and sustainability.\u003C/p>",[336],{"name":214,"type":176,"value":214},{"id":117,"type":184,"cta":16,"cta_link":16,"created_at":338,"updated_at":339,"owner_id":83,"owner_relationship":145,"views":340,"owner":341,"image":342,"contributors":346,"article_locations":351,"article_industries":355,"view_count":340,"like_count":133,"collection_count":166,"content":396,"can_edit":182},"2022-02-16T10:00:26.442Z","2026-06-20T06:13:05.345Z",17,{"id":83,"type":84,"owner_id":83,"about":16,"job_title":16,"url":16,"linkedin":16,"email":16,"staff_of_id":16,"organisation_id":16,"organisation":16},{"id":343,"link":344,"alt":16,"source":16,"created_at":338,"updated_at":345,"article_id":117,"image_profile_id":16,"banner_profile_id":16},"9NMl9MaxPzo=","https://kh-assets.prod.circularity-gap.world/main-image/1778152666512-vhl7ySua.jpeg","2023-03-22T18:13:17.883Z",[347,349,350],{"contributor_id":348},"4t8Hcg",{"contributor_id":83},{"contributor_id":155},[352],{"article_id":117,"location_id":158,"created_at":353,"updated_at":16,"location":354},"2026-05-07T11:35:49.527Z",{"id":158,"type":161,"name":162,"color":16,"parent_location_id":163,"created_at":164,"updated_at":16},[356,362,368,373,375,380,385,390,392,394],{"article_id":117,"industry_id":357,"created_at":353,"updated_at":16,"industry":358},"wood_and_paper",{"id":357,"name":359,"description":360,"sector":361},"Wood and Paper","Extracting and gathering wood through forestry and producing wood and paper products","materials_and_fuels",{"article_id":117,"industry_id":363,"created_at":353,"updated_at":16,"industry":364},"retail",{"id":363,"name":365,"description":366,"sector":367},"Retail","Providing goods on the Internet, through mail order, or television, or providing goods in stores, including apparel, electronics, furniture, food and drug, etc.","goods_and_services",{"article_id":117,"industry_id":369,"created_at":353,"updated_at":16,"industry":370},"electronics_and_appliances",{"id":369,"name":371,"description":372,"sector":367},"Electronics and Appliances","Producing electronics products for businesses and consumers, including cellular phones, personal computers, printers, servers, electronic computer components and peripherals, TVs, audio equipment, as well as household appliances, such as refrigerators, washing machines, etc.",{"article_id":117,"industry_id":274,"created_at":353,"updated_at":16,"industry":374},{"id":274,"name":276,"description":277,"sector":278},{"article_id":117,"industry_id":376,"created_at":353,"updated_at":16,"industry":377},"research_commercial_services",{"id":376,"name":378,"description":379,"sector":290},"Research & Commercial Services","Providing various support services for businesses and governments, such as research, testing, certification and consulting services, cleaning and maintenance services, security and protection services, legal, accounting and bookkeeping services, information management, data processing, and business process outsourcing services",{"article_id":117,"industry_id":381,"created_at":353,"updated_at":16,"industry":382},"education_and_government_services",{"id":381,"name":383,"description":384,"sector":278},"Education and Government Services","Providing public and private education and support services at any level or for any profession, and governmental and public administration services, including judicial, regulatory, and legislative activities, taxation, defence, public order and safety, immigration services, foreign affairs and the administration of government programmes",{"article_id":117,"industry_id":386,"created_at":353,"updated_at":16,"industry":387},"fashion_and_textiles",{"id":386,"name":388,"description":389,"sector":367},"Fashion and Textiles","Producing textile and leather products and processing them into apparel and accessories",{"article_id":117,"industry_id":241,"created_at":353,"updated_at":16,"industry":391},{"id":241,"name":243,"description":244,"sector":239},{"article_id":117,"industry_id":292,"created_at":353,"updated_at":16,"industry":393},{"id":292,"name":294,"description":295,"sector":278},{"article_id":117,"industry_id":286,"created_at":353,"updated_at":16,"industry":395},{"id":286,"name":288,"description":289,"sector":290},{"id":397,"score":133,"body":398,"status":181,"article_id":117,"created_at":338,"updated_at":345,"published_at":338},"e5w2",{"title":399,"outcome":400,"problem":401,"summary":402,"solution":403,"attachment":404},"REFLOW","\u003Cp>The aim is to make sure that the lessons learned and concrete outputs of the project live on and can contribute to the work of other cities and organisations aiming to become more circular. A key resource developed for this is the Reflow Theoretical Framework, a supportive model to enable the agency and participation of municipalities, SMEs, and citizens’ associations in the development of circular economy practices and governance. The framework supports municipalities’ circular transition by:\u003C/p>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C/p>\u003Cp>- Providing insights on the development of new products and product-service systems for a circular economy, which can benefit urban and peri-urban environments as well as society as a whole.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>- Providing insights on the links between functional problems and broader societal issues relevant in the creation of circular and regenerative cities.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>- Supporting the description of the design process, change process and transition process to describe and understand future design-based initiatives for CE transition.\u003C/p>\u003Cp> \u003C/p>\u003Cp>Further, the project developed practical tools such as the Regenerative Governance Toolkit or REFLOW operating system for municipalities to leverage the systematic change of municipalities towards circular actions. This change requires brand new collaborations, synergies and pooling of resources and assets across public and private sectors. Lastly, the project developed robust circular business models, functioning as inspiration for innovation and circular material management.\u003C/p>","\u003Cp>Under the current urban paradigm, cities consume more resources than they produce. Additionally, 68% of the world’s population is predicted to live in urban areas by 2050.\u003C/p>","\u003Cp>REFLOW was an EU Horizon 2020 innovation action project running from 2019 to 2022, with the aim to increase circularity in European cities. Through REFLOW, the 28 project partners developed a range of solutions to make the material flows more circular within the six pilot cities of Amsterdam, Berlin, Milan, Cluj-Napoca, Paris, and Vejle. The cities' social, environmental, and economic impact was assessed, and a range of solutions enabling the circular transition were developed through active citizen involvement. The project combined the expertise of the project partners spanning municipalities, scientific and research institutions, technology providers, design and grassroot organisations, and small and medium-sized enterprises.\u003C/p>","\u003Cp>The REFLOW project was built on the concept of \u003Cem>urban metabolism\u003C/em>, a model and concept used to describe and analyse the flows of the materials and energy within cities, by understanding the city and its surrounding region through the lens of biological systems and technical processes. The project calculated, analysed, and redefined urban resource usage to assess the relationship between urban production and consumption and addressed the overconsumption of resources. REFLOW’s mission was to show how rethinking our economy and configuring the urban metabolism can enable the transition to circular and regenerative cities.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C/p>\u003Cp>Creating and implementing a circular and regenerative city vision is a complex process and requires an interdisciplinary perspective. The project approached these perspectives through work packages, which each represents an essential element that cities should focus on in the transition to a circular and regenerative city mode. Each work package can be understood as an element that needs to be considered during the circular transition of a city. This includes circular co-creation designs and frameworks, software and technical infrastructure, creating and managing circular material flows, the cities circular journey as well as capacity and community building. During the project, the local consortiums were composed by representatives of the city’s municipality, makerspaces, FabLabs or SMEs. Municipalities are particularly focusing on citizen engagement, awareness rising and systematic approaches for a circular economy, which can benefit the municipal covered area. You can find more details about the circular transition of the pilot cities here: https://reflowproject.eu/pilots/\u003C/p>",[405],{"name":214,"type":176,"value":214},{"id":115,"type":184,"cta":16,"cta_link":16,"created_at":407,"updated_at":408,"owner_id":83,"owner_relationship":145,"views":136,"owner":409,"image":410,"contributors":414,"article_locations":420,"article_industries":426,"view_count":136,"like_count":133,"collection_count":166,"content":429,"can_edit":182},"2022-02-16T09:16:08.320Z","2026-06-15T09:57:10.297Z",{"id":83,"type":84,"owner_id":83,"about":16,"job_title":16,"url":16,"linkedin":16,"email":16,"staff_of_id":16,"organisation_id":16,"organisation":16},{"id":411,"link":412,"alt":16,"source":16,"created_at":407,"updated_at":413,"article_id":115,"image_profile_id":16,"banner_profile_id":16},"jOxST09wgnE=","https://kh-assets.prod.circularity-gap.world/main-image/1778152665742-dIJ4djAq.jpeg","2022-09-27T15:15:30.614Z",[415,416,417,419],{"contributor_id":348},{"contributor_id":83},{"contributor_id":418},"IaHWVw",{"contributor_id":155},[421],{"article_id":115,"location_id":422,"created_at":353,"updated_at":16,"location":423},"2759794",{"id":422,"type":161,"name":424,"color":16,"parent_location_id":425,"created_at":202,"updated_at":16},"Amsterdam","NLD",[427],{"article_id":115,"industry_id":386,"created_at":353,"updated_at":16,"industry":428},{"id":386,"name":388,"description":389,"sector":367},{"id":430,"score":133,"body":431,"status":181,"article_id":115,"created_at":407,"updated_at":413,"published_at":407},"CZux",{"title":432,"outcome":433,"problem":434,"summary":435,"solution":436,"attachment":437},"The Denim Deal - an alliance of international frontrunners","\u003Cp>The goal is that by the end of 2023, three million denim jeans containing 20% post-consumer textiles will have been produced, and from there, the partnership will work towards becoming the new industry standard in the denim industry. The Denim Deal demonstrates how connecting social and environmental sustainability, by multiple actors of the industry, instigates a change in the entire chain. Once this step was taken, scaling up and taking on new partners became feasible, making the Denim Deal a blueprint for the sustainable textile industry and functioning as an action plan for municipalities across Europe. \u003C/p>","\u003Cp>The city of Amsterdam, as a textile and ‘denim city’, has continuously worked towards a circular and sustainable industry on a local as well as national and international level. Single actors in the textile industry face the obstacle of restricted power of actions, preventing circular change along the whole supply chain. Intensive research over the last ten years focused on various partners in the industry, focusing on their potential to contribute to joint circular actions and overarching sustainability goals. \u003C/p>","\u003Cp>Together with actors from public and private institutions and organisations, the city of Amsterdam set the joint goal to make the denim supply chain more sustainable. During their participation at the REFLOW project, they formed the Denim Deal, an international alliance of more than 40 partners working to make post-consumer recycling of textiles the standard in the industry.\u003C/p>","\u003Cp>In 2020, the City of Amsterdam, the Amsterdam Economic Board, the Ministry of Infrastructure and Water Management, and the Municipalities of Haarlem and Zaanstad set up a multi-stakeholder partnership: The Denim Deal. Through this initiative, Amsterdam is contributing to its CO2 emission reduction goal of 55% by 2030. In collaboration with denim brands, policymakers, and recycling companies, a three-year sustainable denim initiative was founded. Currently, more than 40 partners are involved with the Denim Deal, representing every part of the value chain. The initiative allows for true monitoring of the value chain of denim products and processes in the industry. A milestone contributing to the deal was the development of the automated sorting machine, Fibersort, which divides large volumes of mixed post-consumer textiles by fibre composition and colour. Such fine-grained sorting allows these materials to become uniform inputs for high-value textile-to-textile recyclers.\u003C/p>",[438],{"name":214,"type":176,"value":214},{"id":103,"type":184,"cta":16,"cta_link":16,"created_at":440,"updated_at":441,"owner_id":83,"owner_relationship":145,"views":442,"owner":443,"image":444,"contributors":448,"article_locations":452,"article_industries":458,"view_count":442,"like_count":133,"collection_count":166,"content":463,"can_edit":182},"2022-02-16T12:35:50.260Z","2026-06-17T02:41:31.706Z",6,{"id":83,"type":84,"owner_id":83,"about":16,"job_title":16,"url":16,"linkedin":16,"email":16,"staff_of_id":16,"organisation_id":16,"organisation":16},{"id":445,"link":446,"alt":16,"source":16,"created_at":440,"updated_at":447,"article_id":103,"image_profile_id":16,"banner_profile_id":16},"xWuCuel6skU=","https://kh-assets.prod.circularity-gap.world/main-image/1778093900661-njb1pBJu.jpeg","2022-06-14T21:18:44.724Z",[449,450,451],{"contributor_id":83},{"contributor_id":418},{"contributor_id":155},[453],{"article_id":103,"location_id":454,"created_at":159,"updated_at":16,"location":455},"2988507",{"id":454,"type":161,"name":456,"color":16,"parent_location_id":457,"created_at":164,"updated_at":16},"Paris","FRA",[459,461],{"article_id":103,"industry_id":357,"created_at":159,"updated_at":16,"industry":460},{"id":357,"name":359,"description":360,"sector":361},{"article_id":103,"industry_id":280,"created_at":159,"updated_at":16,"industry":462},{"id":280,"name":282,"description":283,"sector":284},{"id":464,"score":133,"body":465,"status":181,"article_id":103,"created_at":440,"updated_at":447,"published_at":440},"TMIC",{"title":466,"outcome":467,"problem":468,"summary":469,"solution":470,"attachment":471},"Paris – RE-Label, a local certification of circularity","\u003Cp>Through connecting local stakeholders as well as focusing on territorial branding, Paris highlighted the relevance of local maker communities interacting in a circular and sustainable way. Focusing on short supply chains and valorisation of local manufacturing makes RE-label replicable in other European member states. \u003C/p>","\u003Cp>For the last couple of decades, Paris has been a frontrunner when it comes to sustainable growth and resource recovery and is responding to the need for material reuse, as well as the social demand for locally and sustainably produced items. Paris is aiming for a reduction of CO2 emission by 100% by 2050. This growing sector is, however, lacking standardised recognition and verification. On an international scale, certificates are common ways to ensure sustainable production, but such international labels are often out of reach for smaller makers, operating on a local or even neighbourhood level. RE-Label provides both a more approachable certification that can be adapted to local needs and support for artisans aiming to become more circular in their production.\u003C/p>","\u003Cp>One of the outcomes of Paris’ participation in the REFLOW project is the development of a new certification, RE-Label, of objects and furniture, which promotes and recognises circular practices of the local craftsmanship communities across France. \u003C/p>","\u003Cp>RE-Label enables local makers to coordinate their work regarding reuse and recycling. RE-Label offers local makers and workshops, using wood as their main material, a territorial community of stakeholders to share their sustainable practices. The animation and registration of the territory is led by one of the stakeholders of the potential community. This can be private actors or public local authorities such as municipalities, urban communities, departments, or regions. Makers, who wish to promote and evaluate their range of eco-responsible objects, can join the RE-label community in their territory to increase their network. Manufacturers can discover suitable partners to interchange wood scraps and support a circular use of material and waste reduction. The local community further functions as an inspiration for re-use practices in the area and invites makers to share their own practices. Further, the toolbox of RE-label enables makers to generate labels, certifying the circularity of their products and promoting their sustainable way of production. Makers in the RE-label community valorise their work through the local community and the certified RE-label. Larger workshops or businesses can use the territorial community to single out tasks to smaller makers through bringing together tools and methods that facilitate cooperation between manufacturers in the region. \u003C/p>\u003Cp>RE-Label is an experimentation based on the observation and qualification of practices within each workshop, which is continuously assessed over time. The protocols are iterated in close collaboration with the actors of the territory to propose a method and simple, accessible tools.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>The development of the RE-label relies on the work and expertise associated with the REFLOW program: City of Paris, Fab City Grand Paris association, and the Volumes co-working company.\u003C/p>",[472,474],{"name":473,"type":176,"value":473},"https://re-label.eu/",{"name":214,"type":176,"value":214},{"id":99,"type":184,"cta":16,"cta_link":16,"created_at":476,"updated_at":477,"owner_id":83,"owner_relationship":145,"views":124,"owner":478,"image":479,"contributors":483,"article_locations":486,"article_industries":487,"view_count":124,"like_count":133,"collection_count":166,"content":488,"can_edit":182},"2022-02-16T10:30:12.347Z","2026-06-19T10:11:29.744Z",{"id":83,"type":84,"owner_id":83,"about":16,"job_title":16,"url":16,"linkedin":16,"email":16,"staff_of_id":16,"organisation_id":16,"organisation":16},{"id":480,"link":481,"alt":16,"source":16,"created_at":476,"updated_at":482,"article_id":99,"image_profile_id":16,"banner_profile_id":16},"ARrvnCs1ZXg=","https://kh-assets.prod.circularity-gap.world/main-image/1778093899260-ST5A-Yta.jpeg","2022-04-21T13:30:47.325Z",[484,485],{"contributor_id":83},{"contributor_id":155},[],[],{"id":489,"score":133,"body":490,"status":181,"article_id":99,"created_at":476,"updated_at":482,"published_at":476},"Be4C",{"title":491,"summary":492,"solution":171,"attachment":493},"The REFLOW Collaborative Governance Toolkit – a toolbox for change","\u003Cp>The transition to circular cities requires whole-scale system reforms, new regulations, investment, and partnerships, as well as a new body of knowledge and capacities. Above all, circular transitions require new forms of democratised innovation so that all actors in cities can benefit from the opportunities that the circular economy will create. In the REFLOW project, collaborative governance was understood as a long-term, systemic process of steering and coordination of all different levers in cities, to allow distributed capacity, legitimacy, and agency for circular change across public and private sectors.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C/p>\u003Cp>The REFLOW Collaborative Governance Toolkit (RCGT) was developed as a practical guide to design and develop collaborative governance approaches, supporting cities in their circular and regenerative transition. In other words, the toolkit offers an open collection of tools and resources to support collaborative journeys towards circularity. The toolkit is based on the collaborative governance framework, illustrating the open-ended infrastructure process of transforming cities. This process operates at different scopes and scales with different emphases on strategic, operational, and relational aspects. Circular levers, enabling innovation from individual to societal scale, can foster each aspect. These levers, as a set of instruments, can be found in the toolkit and each tool is tagged according to the infrastructures and levers it belongs to. The RCGT comprises fourteen tools with detailed advice of use and theoretical background. Further, the RCGT website provides stories of circular cities using the toolkit to provide inspiration and best practice examples for all actors involved in the circular transition.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C/p>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>The tools:\u003C/strong>\u003C/p>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C/p>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>- Circular Theory of Change:\u003C/strong> A tool that helps you defining the logic concatenations and connectivity between long-term goals and impacts, outcomes, outputs and activities.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>- Circular Mission Wave: \u003C/strong>A tool that helps you define and visualize a mission-oriented transition to circular and regenerative cities based on a systemic and long-term approach of intervention.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>- Circular Challenges & Opportunities: \u003C/strong>A tool that helps collaborative brainstorming on circular challenges and opportunities, as well as their prioritization for action.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>- City Portrait Canvas: \u003C/strong>Inspired by the four lenses of the City Portrait, this canvas helps understand how to assess city strategies, policies, and programmes in a holistic way, integrating environmental, social and economic, as well as local and global considerations.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>- Circular Experiment Deployment Canvas: \u003C/strong>A tool that helps you and your team in defining, planning and resourcing a circular experiment towards impact.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>- Circular Experiment Canvas: \u003C/strong>A tool that helps you and your team in designing the key characteristics of a circular experiment and to carry them forward into iterative cycles, towards a more detailed delivery plan.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>- Circular Portfolio Canvas\u003C/strong>: A visual tool that helps you and your team in scaffolding circular activities and experiments across different horizons of time, and to reflect on ‘’connectivity’’ and ‘’linkages’’ towards higher ambitions of circular and regenerative cities.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>- Map & Visualise Circular Ecosystem (Kumu): \u003C/strong>A tool that allows dynamic mapping and visualization of your circular ecosystem, including stakeholders, individuals and circular initiatives and projects.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>- Circular Team: \u003C/strong>A combination of tools that support the definition of circular teams and the overall decision-making path.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>- Matrix of Circular Collaboration: \u003C/strong>A tool that facilitates coordination, matchmaking and collaboration across different circular projects and initiatives.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>- Circular Loops Diagram: \u003C/strong>A diagram that helps you mapping the specific value chains and actions to form circular loops and drive systems change.\u003Cstrong> \u003C/strong>\u003C/p>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>- Backcasting Diagram: \u003C/strong>A diagram that helps you redesign the local ecosystem starting from a previous identified circular loop (you can first work on the Circular Loops diagram if you don’t already have one).\u003C/p>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>- Circular Business Model Canvas: \u003C/strong>The circular business model canvas integrates buildings blocks from the generic business model canvas, while highlighting additional aspects making your business circular.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong> \u003C/strong>\u003C/p>\u003Cp>During the development-process of circular solutions, all pilot cities designed and illustrated their ideas, and made use of the regenerative governance tools such as the circular business model canvas. Throughout the process of the project, each pilot city set performance goals with particular focus on joint activities to reach these. To validate and refine the causal pathways within each pilot, recurring iterations were conducted based on the circular theory of change.\u003C/p>",[494,496],{"name":495,"type":176,"value":495},"https://governance.reflowproject.eu/",{"name":214,"type":176,"value":214},{"id":109,"type":142,"cta":16,"cta_link":16,"created_at":498,"updated_at":499,"owner_id":83,"owner_relationship":145,"views":218,"owner":500,"image":16,"contributors":501,"article_locations":504,"article_industries":517,"view_count":218,"like_count":133,"collection_count":166,"content":518,"can_edit":182},"2022-02-16T15:25:51.636Z","2026-06-17T06:07:33.788Z",{"id":83,"type":84,"owner_id":83,"about":16,"job_title":16,"url":16,"linkedin":16,"email":16,"staff_of_id":16,"organisation_id":16,"organisation":16},[502,503],{"contributor_id":83},{"contributor_id":155},[505,507,509,511,513,515],{"article_id":109,"location_id":229,"created_at":159,"updated_at":16,"location":506},{"id":229,"type":161,"name":231,"color":16,"parent_location_id":232,"created_at":164,"updated_at":16},{"article_id":109,"location_id":320,"created_at":159,"updated_at":16,"location":508},{"id":320,"type":161,"name":323,"color":16,"parent_location_id":163,"created_at":164,"updated_at":16},{"article_id":109,"location_id":454,"created_at":159,"updated_at":16,"location":510},{"id":454,"type":161,"name":456,"color":16,"parent_location_id":457,"created_at":164,"updated_at":16},{"article_id":109,"location_id":198,"created_at":159,"updated_at":16,"location":512},{"id":198,"type":161,"name":200,"color":16,"parent_location_id":201,"created_at":202,"updated_at":16},{"article_id":109,"location_id":268,"created_at":159,"updated_at":16,"location":514},{"id":268,"type":161,"name":270,"color":16,"parent_location_id":271,"created_at":164,"updated_at":16},{"article_id":109,"location_id":422,"created_at":159,"updated_at":16,"location":516},{"id":422,"type":161,"name":424,"color":16,"parent_location_id":425,"created_at":202,"updated_at":16},[],{"id":519,"score":133,"body":520,"status":181,"article_id":109,"created_at":498,"updated_at":526,"published_at":498},"P4rR",{"title":521,"summary":522,"solution":171,"attachment":523},"Growing Map of City Production Capacity and Material Flows","\u003Cp>The Growing Map of City Production Capacity and Material Flows presents first a pilot-specific data collection support and then the mapping of the Material Journeys Within a City for the 6 city pilots of the REFLOW project: Paris, Berlin, Amsterdam, Vejle, Cluj-Napoca, Milan.\u003C/p>\u003Cp> \u003C/p>\u003Cp>The document also details the methodology for starting a primary data collection at a city level, as well as the methodology for the mapping building. Efforts have been put into the replicability, the adaptability, and the user-friendliness of the results. To ensure the sustainability of the results, they will be implemented in the REFLOW open-source dashboard: the Open Data Dashboard, and the data will feed the REFLOW operating system. To enhance pilot's cooperation and works' interdependencies, data collection is being implemented in the Pilot Cities Framework. In addition, Data Protection Regulation is ensured.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C/p>\u003Cp>Illustration of usage of the Amsterdam pilot\u003C/p>\u003Cp>The mapping helps the Amsterdam pilot to have a clear overview on the status of the textile field. The filtering features are a good way to put in the spotlight the value of circular economy compared to traditional economy. Thus, it is useful for communication purposes regarding discussion with the municipality and stakeholders, to push a whole city towards a circular economy. Moreover, the way the map is constructed puts the recycling branch at the center of the discussion. The map highlights with another perspective the home textile life cycle, putting the recycling journeys at the center. The map allows home textile recycling’s stakes at the center of the attention. Such a map can sow the seeds of innovative ideas among stakeholders and raise awareness about home textile recycling. As such, it is:\u003C/p>\u003Cp> \u003C/p>\u003Cp>- A way to map out (needed) stakeholders in the recycling industry.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>- A way to map out how the recycling relates to current flow (on the map the different “routes” are visualised).\u003C/p>\u003Cp>- A way to understand “leaks” in the current stream, towards circularity.\u003C/p>\u003Cp> \u003C/p>\u003Cp>For future cities, the mapping is going to be a great first approach to the circular economy of the material they are interested in. It helps to set the first steps with REFLOW Operating system understanding who part of the users could be, what goes where and what do they sell to each other .\u003C/p>\u003Cp> \u003C/p>\u003Cp>You can find the full 5.2 Deliverable following the link below.\u003C/p>",[524],{"name":525,"type":176,"value":525},"https://zenodo.org/record/4300206#.Yg0VU-jMI2w","2022-04-21T13:27:17.013Z",[]]