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and Textiles","Producing textile and leather products and processing them into apparel and accessories","goods_and_services",{"article_id":95,"industry_id":163,"created_at":91,"updated_at":16,"industry":164},"electronics_and_appliances",{"id":163,"name":165,"description":166,"sector":161},"Electronics and Appliances","Producing electronics products for businesses and consumers, including cellular phones, personal computers, printers, servers, electronic computer components and peripherals, TVs, audio equipment, as well as household appliances, such as refrigerators, washing machines, etc.",{"article_id":95,"industry_id":168,"created_at":91,"updated_at":16,"industry":169},"home_and_office_furnishings",{"id":168,"name":170,"description":171,"sector":161},"Home and Office Furnishings","Producing indoor products for the home and office, such as furniture, including upholstery, carpets and wall-coverings, as well as cutlery, cookware, glassware, crystal, silverware, utensils, kitchenware and household specialties",1,{"id":174,"score":119,"body":175,"status":183,"article_id":95,"created_at":129,"updated_at":137,"published_at":129},"sW82",{"title":176,"problem":177,"summary":178,"attachment":179},"Towards a Digital Product Passport Fit for Contributing to a Circular Economy","\u003Cp>Lack of research on how to implement DPPs, generate data, track and trace materials and engage all stakeholders in helping compile data across a product’s lifecycle. It is especially important to figure out how to ensure that data will be updated by suppliers, brands, consumers and recycling facilities to enable all the information to be correct and up-to-date. Therefore, implementation options for digital product passports need to be evaluated to allow a circular flow of materials through the active engagement of all the actors involved.\u003C/p>","\u003Cp>The Digital Product Passport (DPP) is a concept of a policy instrument particularly that has gained increased attention by policymakers due to its potential contribution to circular material flows. It has been mentioned in several EU strategies and was also confirmed in the ‘Council conclusions on making recovery circular and green’. The article seeks to work out implementation options for DPPs and how these options might benefit stakeholders and society by supplying information on the origin, composition and dismantling options of a product. Thus, the implementation of such a tool could facilitate tracking and tracing materials and compiling information in one unique database. By making businesses deliver to these objectives, the obligation to generate high quality product information can be a valuable contribution as regards to designing more sustainable products and their handling once they reach their end-of-life.\u003C/p>",[180],{"name":181,"type":182,"value":181},"https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/8/2289","link","published",false,{"id":101,"type":186,"cta":16,"cta_link":16,"created_at":187,"updated_at":188,"owner_id":83,"owner_relationship":131,"views":189,"owner":190,"image":191,"contributors":195,"article_locations":199,"article_industries":205,"view_count":189,"like_count":119,"collection_count":172,"content":208,"can_edit":184},"business_case","2021-08-19T11:47:45.100Z","2026-06-13T03:32:56.422Z",14,{"id":83,"type":84,"owner_id":83,"about":16,"job_title":16,"url":16,"linkedin":16,"email":16,"staff_of_id":16,"organisation_id":16,"organisation":16},{"id":192,"link":193,"alt":16,"source":16,"created_at":187,"updated_at":194,"article_id":101,"image_profile_id":16,"banner_profile_id":16},"NILKuNVUpuM=","https://kh-assets.prod.circularity-gap.world/main-image/1778152560142-S1sKPCU9.jpeg","2022-08-15T10:23:37.184Z",[196,198],{"contributor_id":197},"iM0hkw",{"contributor_id":83},[200],{"article_id":101,"location_id":201,"created_at":91,"updated_at":16,"location":202},"GBR",{"id":201,"type":146,"name":203,"color":16,"parent_location_id":148,"created_at":204,"updated_at":16},"United Kingdom","2026-02-27T07:55:14.722Z",[206],{"article_id":101,"industry_id":157,"created_at":91,"updated_at":16,"industry":207},{"id":157,"name":159,"description":160,"sector":161},{"id":209,"score":119,"body":210,"status":183,"article_id":101,"created_at":187,"updated_at":194,"published_at":187},"exoK",{"title":211,"outcome":212,"problem":213,"summary":214,"solution":215,"attachment":216},"An examination of the product development process for fashion remanufacturing","\u003Cp>Remanufacturing has the potential to reduce the need for resource extraction and production and can also reduce the number of post-consumer textile waste going to landfills, both of which would help minimise the impact that fashion supply chain’s have on the environment.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>Establishing and creating the appropriate infrastructure for remanufacturing through an effective reverse logistics system, would also allow remanufacturing to be scaled up and reach higher levels of productivity. If the standardization of processes and knowledge share on remanufacturing were amplified, remanufacturing could also have its costs reduced, as there would be more competition and more efficiency in its processes.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>Although, keeping in mind that reverse logistics is still a very time consuming and labour-intensive process as all second hand clothes are sorted into different categories and groups depending on their colour, size, material and quality. Remanufacturing also still constrains designers and brands as often designers need to work with the limited availability of materials that a textile manufacturer has, which then comes with other limitations such as colors and quality.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>But all in all, increased resource efficiency would not only benefit the environment by creating balance between our needs as consumers and the planet’s restorative boundaries, but it would also benefit businesses. That can be explained for two reasons: less reliance on virgin materials, which results in scarcity, and the possibility to regenerate value on the same material, resulting in reduced costs for material inputs.\u003C/p>","\u003Cp>It’s safe to say that the way the fashion industry operates goes completely against what sustainability means. The fashion industry is rooted in planned obsolescence, with brands and designers launching new trends and estimulating fast consumption and quick disposal. Clothes and accessories are in and out of fashion in the blink of an eye and as a consequence, many European countries including the UK are registering a rise in the levels of textile waste.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>Hyperconsumption and throwaway culture are thus responsible for creating an imbalance between the planet and our industrial activities, making the development of new industrial and manufacturing systems essential to recapture the value of materials.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>The importance of remanufacturing emanates from the fact that it is able to recirculate materials by creating virgin material equivalents with them through industrial processes, thus reducing the need for virgin material inputs without restraining a designer’s possibilities and creativity.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>Unfortunately, it remains restricted to a small-scale as it requires manual work, such as analysing by hand the repeatability of a fabric and disassembling garments.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>Presumably, the real benefits of remanufacturing would be seen through the recapture of greater quantities of textiles, which hasn’t been occuring in the fashion industry. Therefore, it is imperative to achieve higher productivity levels while maintaining the quality and, possibly, removing the barriers posed to designers by contaminants that go into textiles.\u003C/p>","\u003Cp>Fashion comes with a high environmental cost and impact, making it necessary to rethink processes, materials and business models in a way that society can meet its needs for new garments without damaging the planet and stressing its natural resources.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>Designing supply chains that involve the reverse logistics stage and include both post-industrial and post-consumer textile waste is a crucial step to ensure that all stakeholders play their role in ensuring that materials will continue on a circular flow.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>There are of course challenges, but remanufacturing has the potential to reduce reliance on virgin materials, create possibility to regenerate value on the same material, and importantly, reduce textile waste going to landfills.\u003C/p>","\u003Cp>Designing supply chains that involve the reverse logistics stage and include both post-industrial and post-consumer textile waste. This is a crucial step to ensure that all stakeholders play their role in ensuring that materials will continue on a circular flow. This is also important as currently, supply chain diagrams and studies often end at the point of sale, and that is because we have been living in a linear economy where businesses haven’t yet understood the economic benefits that circular textiles can bring them.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>To minimise the risk that retailers feel they have when offering remanufactured clothes, a possible solution is to prefer online sales instead of brick-and-mortar. That would reduce the risk of shipping those garments to stores where the target consumer isn’t interested in remanufactured fabrics and products and not willing to pay a higher price for them. Online retail also offers the chance to create a more interactive platform where the brand and/or retailer can inform the consumer on the manufacturing process of the garment through marketing tools.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>The authors also suggest that designers should design garments with the post-consumer stage in mind, meaning that they should consider ways in which it would be easier for remanufacturers to disassemble, clean and remanufacture items.\u003C/p>",[217],{"name":218,"type":182,"value":218},"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0921344915300859?via%3Dihub",{"id":97,"type":186,"cta":16,"cta_link":16,"created_at":220,"updated_at":221,"owner_id":83,"owner_relationship":131,"views":222,"owner":223,"image":224,"contributors":228,"article_locations":232,"article_industries":237,"view_count":222,"like_count":119,"collection_count":172,"content":240,"can_edit":184},"2021-08-08T16:59:08.035Z","2026-06-10T11:10:41.190Z",21,{"id":83,"type":84,"owner_id":83,"about":16,"job_title":16,"url":16,"linkedin":16,"email":16,"staff_of_id":16,"organisation_id":16,"organisation":16},{"id":225,"link":226,"alt":16,"source":16,"created_at":220,"updated_at":227,"article_id":97,"image_profile_id":16,"banner_profile_id":16},"2IofdSEShGE=","https://kh-assets.prod.circularity-gap.world/main-image/1778152529746--aehLkCf.jpeg","2021-09-30T18:08:58.124Z",[229,231],{"contributor_id":230},"R2m8Ng",{"contributor_id":83},[233],{"article_id":97,"location_id":234,"created_at":91,"updated_at":16,"location":235},"SWE",{"id":234,"type":146,"name":236,"color":16,"parent_location_id":148,"created_at":204,"updated_at":16},"Sweden",[238],{"article_id":97,"industry_id":157,"created_at":91,"updated_at":16,"industry":239},{"id":157,"name":159,"description":160,"sector":161},{"id":241,"score":119,"body":242,"status":183,"article_id":97,"created_at":220,"updated_at":227,"published_at":220},"R-dV",{"title":243,"outcome":244,"problem":245,"summary":246,"solution":247,"attachment":248},"Demystifying process-level scalability challenges in fashion remanufacturing: An interdependence perspective","\u003Cp>-Setting clear steps and processes can reduce the interdependence between disassembly and reassembly during fashion remanufacturing, thus increasing productivity and reducing the remanufacturing timeframe.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>-The standardization of processes by creating support systems like visual tools and instructions can help reduce process variability and complexity.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>-Training designers, who are at the beginning of a product’s life cycle, can have a crucial positive impact on remanufacturing production efficiency through the use of innovative thinking and technologies.\u003C/p>","\u003Cp>-Finding ways and solutions to enable textile remanufacturing scalability, meaning that capacities to carry out industrial processes preferably in a “factory” environment with certain degrees of reproducibility to attain high volume, need to be developed.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>-High level of uncertainty in internal processes leading to a number of process-level challenges, such as quantities and timing of returns, volume, recovery time, cost, product quality and upgradability.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>-Lack of specialist skills, equipment and tools.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>-Clothes are not normally designed for dis- and re-assembly, making it hard to break down a product’s components.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>-As a result, remanufacturing today is almost a craft or done on a pilot scale.\u003C/p>","\u003Cp>Global fashion consumption has nearly doubled since 2000 largely due to the rapid expansion of fast fashion, which as a consequence, increased fashion waste to about 91 million tons (in 2015). It is projected that clothing consumption will increase the water consumption, energy usage, and waste creation by 50%, 63%, and 62% respectively by 2030. Therefore, it is crucial in this context to develop remanufacturing skills for extending product use life, counteracting planned obsolescence and the premature loss of resources. In essence, remanufacturing can help society and economies to gain long-term sustainable growth while protecting resources and the environment. The European Environmental Agency states that lack of scalability in circular operations is the major reason for the slow transition to full circularity, as implementation often stops at small-scale experiments and pilots due to not overcoming the scalability challenges. In the fashion and textile industry, this is particularly challenging as post-consumer textile waste comes to the hands of remanufacturers in very different conditions, making the entire process very manual. If scaled, remanufacturing could ensure not only recovery of end-of-use products but also added value. That would allow post-consumer garments to go back to the market with the same perceived value and quality as a new garment made from virgin materials, which would reduce the industry’s need for virgin material extraction and also reduce the amount of waste being generated at the end of a product’s life cycle.\u003C/p>","\u003Cp>-It is comprehended that remanufacturing using post-industrial (or pre-consumer) waste, could provide more consistent quality and reliable supply as source materials\u003C/p>\u003Cp>-Collaborative industrial integration to standardize operations and ensure an efficient flow of materials. Starting this collaborative approach with post-industrial and pre-consumer waste between tier 1 suppliers and remanufacturers, could lay the foundation for an efficient reverse logistics system that could eventually be expanded to incorporate post-consumer waste.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>-Invest in automation of remanufacturing process technologies\u003C/p>\u003Cp>-Training designers for circularity and remanufacturing is extremely important as they are at the very beginning of a product’s life, and their choices can either facilitate or worsen disassembly, cleaning, repairing and reassembly.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>-Creating specific stages and steps, and organizing the personnel in a fordist-like production system to increase productivity.\u003C/p>",[249],{"name":250,"type":182,"value":250},"https://reader.elsevier.com/reader/sd/pii/S095965262035544X?token=45C07B2C87F94A8D76D7B1030F49FEFA73E034E809ED2F47DBD76A08D5C65333AD30EB93C0533384220B789229A81115&originRegion=eu-west-1&originCreation=20210809165602",{"id":103,"type":186,"cta":16,"cta_link":16,"created_at":252,"updated_at":253,"owner_id":83,"owner_relationship":131,"views":254,"owner":255,"image":16,"contributors":256,"article_locations":259,"article_industries":264,"view_count":254,"like_count":119,"collection_count":172,"content":267,"can_edit":184},"2021-08-24T12:24:55.854Z","2026-06-08T09:26:27.700Z",11,{"id":83,"type":84,"owner_id":83,"about":16,"job_title":16,"url":16,"linkedin":16,"email":16,"staff_of_id":16,"organisation_id":16,"organisation":16},[257,258],{"contributor_id":230},{"contributor_id":83},[260],{"article_id":103,"location_id":261,"created_at":91,"updated_at":16,"location":262},"NLD",{"id":261,"type":146,"name":263,"color":16,"parent_location_id":148,"created_at":204,"updated_at":16},"The Netherlands",[265],{"article_id":103,"industry_id":157,"created_at":91,"updated_at":16,"industry":266},{"id":157,"name":159,"description":160,"sector":161},{"id":268,"score":119,"body":269,"status":183,"article_id":103,"created_at":252,"updated_at":278,"published_at":252},"YQas",{"title":270,"outcome":271,"problem":272,"summary":273,"solution":274,"attachment":275},"G-Star closed loop denim business case & environmental impact analysis","\u003Cp>- Further trials will be conducted to try to achieve the right quality while still reutilizing fibres.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C/p>\u003Cp>- Unfortunately, even though blended denim (30% recycled and 70% virgin material) is possible, it does not have the same quality and strength compared to non recycled denim. This limits some of the possibilities for finishings for example, as resin or waterproof finishings can’t be applied to the recycled denim.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C/p>\u003Cp>- Tiers 2 and 3, spinning yarn and weaving fabric, are the two biggest contributors to energy consumption in textile supply chains. That means that the methods we have for mechanical recycling nowadays are still unable to\u003C/p>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C/p>\u003Cp>- Using recycled yarn from pre and post-consumer denim in accessories can help reduce the number of textile waste being landfilled and incinerated, and it can also have a higher percentage of recycled yarn in the fabric, meaning that a larger number of recycled yarn can be reutilized. This would be more commercially viable while better technologies are developed for recycled denim fabrics.\u003C/p>","\u003Cp>- Denim is a water-intensive fabric that is vastly used in the fashion industry. Despite being a very versatile and durable fabric, the way the fashion industry operates promotes the quick disposal of the material. Investing in mechanical recycling could allow the value of the resource to be retained by blending and weaving recycled fibres with virgin ones, thus reducing the environmental footprint of the final fabric.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C/p>\u003Cp>- Much is talked about repairing clothes but not many advancements have been made on fabrics made from recycled fibres, making it necessary to investigate and analyse different possibilities, as full circularity is the key to a sustainable future.\u003C/p>","\u003Cp>As a pioneer in recycled denim since 2008, Amsterdam based G-Star RAW understands the necessity to develop closed loops business models by investing in technologies that enable the company to regenerate value from post-consumer denim. The case study analysed the performance of the brand’s recycled denim across different categories, such as quality, reduced CO2 emissions, cost and water use. Thus, developing processes for mechanically recycled denim that can compete with virgin denim can contribute to the standardization of the material within the fashion industry. The project was led by G-Star RAW, Circle Economy, Wieland Textiles and Recover, and applied recycled fibres to G-Star’s best selling denim fabric. The study concluded that the final outcome reduced water consumption by 9.8%, energy consumption by 4.2% and carbon emission by 3.8%, which shows that blending recycled and virgin fibres can reduce denim’s environmental footprint significantly. At the moment, the cost of the fabric, which contains 30% recycled fibres and 70% virgin fibres, is still 12.5% more expensive than its virgin equivalent, but the cost of the mechanical recycling process for denim could certainly lower as demand increases and infrastructures are put in place to enable better collection and recycling.\u003C/p>","\u003Cp>- The study conducted shows that recycled denim yarns are best used in the weft (not warp) to keep the desired look and feel which is determined by the warp yarn and also because the weaving process puts less ‘stress’ on the weft yarn.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C/p>\u003Cp>- Invest in recycling technologies that don’t compromise the yarn’s mechanical qualities so that the final denim with 30% recycled yarn and 70% virgin material can have the same attributes and the same perceived value in the market. Upscaling mechanical recycling processes can also help reduce the cost of the recycled fabric, making it more cost-competitive. With cotton prices set to rise by 2025 due to resource scarcity, it is possible to achieve similar market costs.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C/p>\u003Cp>- Utilizing and recycling pre and post-consumer textile waste can be applied to other products and categories of apparel, and not only denim. The study suggests using the recycled yarn to make accessories for example, such as scarves and beanies, as these products don’t require such strong fabrics and can provide a more commercially viable option for the time being.\u003C/p>",[276],{"name":277,"type":182,"value":277},"https://www.circle-economy.com/resources/g-star-measuring-the-potential-impact-of-denim-recycling","2021-08-29T15:53:41.397Z",{"id":105,"type":186,"cta":16,"cta_link":16,"created_at":280,"updated_at":281,"owner_id":83,"owner_relationship":131,"views":254,"owner":282,"image":16,"contributors":283,"article_locations":286,"article_industries":291,"view_count":254,"like_count":119,"collection_count":172,"content":294,"can_edit":184},"2021-08-24T16:40:56.869Z","2026-06-10T04:57:41.870Z",{"id":83,"type":84,"owner_id":83,"about":16,"job_title":16,"url":16,"linkedin":16,"email":16,"staff_of_id":16,"organisation_id":16,"organisation":16},[284,285],{"contributor_id":230},{"contributor_id":83},[287],{"article_id":105,"location_id":288,"created_at":91,"updated_at":16,"location":289},"ROU",{"id":288,"type":146,"name":290,"color":16,"parent_location_id":148,"created_at":204,"updated_at":16},"Romania",[292],{"article_id":105,"industry_id":157,"created_at":91,"updated_at":16,"industry":293},{"id":157,"name":159,"description":160,"sector":161},{"id":295,"score":119,"body":296,"status":183,"article_id":105,"created_at":280,"updated_at":305,"published_at":280},"W1RT",{"title":297,"outcome":298,"problem":299,"summary":300,"solution":301,"attachment":302},"A Romanian case study of clothes and accessories upcycling","\u003Cp>- Forging partnerships between remanufacturing organizations and retailers can help establish a constant flow of materials and ensure a regular income for the manufacturers, who can then invest that money in better machinery and tools to improve their processes and capacities.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C/p>\u003Cp>- Educating consumers on upcycling and the environmental benefit it has can create more demand for upcycled products as well as ensure that consumers are directing clothes they don’t wear anymore to collection points and remanufacturers.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C/p>\u003Cp>- As a result, remanufacturers could then establish a more efficient business and increase their productivity, resulting in less resource extraction, less water waste, less use of energy and reduced textile waste.\u003C/p>","\u003Cp>- Upcycling process is economically less feasible due to high labour cost in Western Europe, and is therefore seen as an obstacle rather than an opportunity.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C/p>\u003Cp>- Creating business and manufacturing models that allow remanufacturing and redesign to be more profitable and thus gain more attention and investment.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C/p>\u003Cp>- Showing the benefits of upcycling, remanufacturing and reusing materials using a triple-bottom-line approach, where social, economic and environmental aspects will be considered.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C/p>\u003Cp>- There are no standard processes for remanufacturing and upcycling, which means that it’s hard to predict which garments will come to the hand of these remanufacturing facilities and in which condition. Often post consumer garments are collected from collection bins, where you end up having a wide range of different materials and categories of clothes. All of these variations slow down the process, making it very labour-intensive and long.\u003C/p>","\u003Cp>After the primary life of a garment ends, that product is normally used for secondary purposes that do not take full advantage of the material and its economic value. Unfortunately, upcycling is often seen as a non-feasible activity, leading to the ultimate waste, landfilling and incineration of clothes and accessories. Thus, the research conducted in Romania aims to prove just the opposite through the use of semi-structured interviews as well as visits to remanufacturers in the country. The study’s relevance comes from the fact that upcycling, remanufacturing and reusing materials would allow society to meet its increasing demand for new garments while reducing its dependence on virgin material inputs. In a society that is constantly longing for new products and that has been recording unprecedented shopping rates every year, it’s imperative to create business and manufacturing models that allow all stakeholders to retain materials and their value, as failing in this mission would symbolize the ultimate destruction of natural resources and the environment.\u003C/p>","\u003Cp>- Invest in demand-based upcycling. One of the organizations interviewed had a stable income due to the fact that it worked on-demand only, and it also produced items that have a good market performance.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C/p>\u003Cp>- Advertising more on social media and educating customers on the value of upcycled clothes and accessories.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C/p>\u003Cp>- Allowing these organizations to have access to new and modern machinery.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>\u003Cbr>\u003C/p>\u003Cp>- Creating partnerships between these organizations and retailers.\u003C/p>",[303],{"name":304,"type":182,"value":304},"https://www.researchgate.net/publication/336517168_A_Romanian_case_study_of_clothes_and_accessories_upcycling","2021-08-29T15:35:06.617Z",{"id":99,"type":128,"cta":16,"cta_link":16,"created_at":307,"updated_at":308,"owner_id":83,"owner_relationship":131,"views":309,"owner":310,"image":16,"contributors":311,"article_locations":314,"article_industries":317,"view_count":309,"like_count":119,"collection_count":172,"content":320,"can_edit":184},"2021-08-12T13:08:21.803Z","2026-06-12T21:32:43.534Z",42,{"id":83,"type":84,"owner_id":83,"about":16,"job_title":16,"url":16,"linkedin":16,"email":16,"staff_of_id":16,"organisation_id":16,"organisation":16},[312,313],{"contributor_id":230},{"contributor_id":83},[315],{"article_id":99,"location_id":201,"created_at":91,"updated_at":16,"location":316},{"id":201,"type":146,"name":203,"color":16,"parent_location_id":148,"created_at":204,"updated_at":16},[318],{"article_id":99,"industry_id":157,"created_at":91,"updated_at":16,"industry":319},{"id":157,"name":159,"description":160,"sector":161},{"id":321,"score":119,"body":322,"status":183,"article_id":99,"created_at":307,"updated_at":331,"published_at":307},"C8OZ",{"title":323,"outcome":324,"problem":325,"summary":326,"solution":327,"attachment":328},"Challenges and opportunities for scaling up upcycling businesses – The case of textile and wood upcycling businesses in the UK","\u003Cp>-Investment in knowledge exchange through guilds and universities could help accelerate a transition to circularity by training designers, artisans and business people. It would also allow businesses of different sizes and with different revenues to\u003C/p>\u003Cp>-Educating consumers through marketing campaigns and actions to increase demand for upcycled garments.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>-New legislation to redefine waste could encourage donations of material to material suppliers, thus increasing the availability and quality of materials.\u003C/p>","\u003Cp>-Fragmented academic literature of the topic.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>-Upcycling, like most topics related to circular textiles, remains a manual small-scale operation and presents a huge stumbling block for industrial-scale upcycling.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>-The difficulty of sourcing sufficient and appropriate quality of used materials, making it hard to secure a predictable flow of materials of similar quality and that would undergo the same processes.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>-It is especially hard to develop profitable business models for upcycled goods with a low cost as it’s expensive to upcycle them and the profit margin is low.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>-Another barrier is access to specific tools, skills and equipment.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>-Lack of motivation or incentive to expand businesses.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>-Consumers perceive most upcycled products as having lower quality than a new product and being too expensive.\u003C/p>","\u003Cp>Unlike recycling, where the original value of material and much of its resources are lost, upcycling presents an opportunity to recapture the value of these materials that are about to be thrown away by repairing, reusing, repurposing, refurbishing, upgrading and remanufacturing. It means that it’s a process that can prolong the lifespan of materials and products and encourage sustainable use and consumption. Although research on upcycling is more prominent in fashion and textile than across other industries, there hasn’t been much progress in scaling up upcycling technologies. This means that any improvements and advancements regarding reducing the production of new clothes made from virgin materials through upcycling is still shy and not able to offset the levels of waste generated by the industry every year. The research analysed upcycling value chains in the UK and the role that each stakeholder plays. The second step consisted in then mapping the main challenges and opportunities for scaling up upcycling businesses and conducting semi-structured interviews to validate or contradict the evidence found throughout the literature review. The systematic analysis resulted in a pragmatic guideline for upcycling processes in which all actors play their part in this transition, including governments, local councils, suppliers, consumers and retailers.\u003C/p>","\u003Cp>-Favourable consumer attitudes toward upcycled products and upcycling businesses in general, and understanding the importance of upcycling in the transition towards a sustainable society. It’s understood that this has to be done by retailers and brands alike.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>-The second success factor is, unsurprisingly, financial and business management support to upcycling businesses, such as incentives and grants given by the Government and other public authorities\u003C/p>\u003Cp>-Quality assurance of sourced materials becomes an important factor for the success of upcycling operations.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>- Securing work facilities and the possibility to borrow, rent or lease professional tools are also important factors for the prosperity of upcycling businesses \u003C/p>\u003Cp>-Establishing ‘Guilds’ to provide the technical knowledge, tools and skills required to scale up upcycling businesses. This should be done through the support of the British Government and would allow SMEs to access this kind of knowledge, thus helping businesses of different sizes to do the right thing.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>-Collaborations between the private and public sectors alongside educational institutions could help educate future professionals and especially designers on upcycling, circularity and resource efficiency.\u003C/p>",[329],{"name":330,"type":182,"value":330},"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0921344919303349","2021-08-29T15:32:33.068Z",[]]